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SAMBATYON

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There are over 2700 years, the Kingdom of Israel imploded and its ten tribes were scattered, according to the Talmud, beyond the mysterious river Sambatyon. This event profoundly affected the psyche of the Jews, giving rise to regrets, hopes


SAMBATYON

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tribes of the kingdom of Israel were exiled to -722 by Nabukhanetsar and disappeared toward the east, beyond a mysterious river called Sambatyon, according to legend. According to the prophecies of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel, these tribes scattered across the globe will gather in anticipation of the coming of the Messiah.

Strongly rooted in the Jewish unconscious, this belief has led to research wills of these tribes throughout the exile that lasted 27 centuries and still today ;! This research has accelerated in the 18/19 th century under the leadership of missionaries Christians who sought to convert these scattered souls already monotheistic. Curiously it is often through the work of Christian missionaries that "remnants of Israel" have recovered their Jewishness and their links with other Jews in the world. Sambatyon is mentioned in the tradition of exegesis by Targum Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 34/10: "I take them from here and I will place them on the other side of the Sambatyon River.
According to the midrash (teaching), the tribes were exiled three times: once on the other side of Sambatyon, once Dafné Antioch and one last time "when n uage divine descended over them and covered them" These are the three successive exiles in recorded history.
In Sanhedrin 65b, the Talmud describes the operation of this river. "You can not pass through ordinary days as it flows in torrents carting stone blocks with great force. You can not cross when it is quiet the Shabbat, the day sacred .
Nahmanides defines the name of the river Gozan, assimilated to Sambatyon (Irois 17 / 6), " moved the rest of the people. " Gozan is a river in northern Syria and the river Indus. The word Sambatyon comes from "Shabat" day of rest for the river and for men. Pliny the Elder, historian of the beginning of the current era described the river in his Natural History. The river flows in torrents for 6 days and calm the 7 th preventing the Jewish tribes to return from exile.
In his book "The Jewish War," Flavius Josephus, another historian of the time, offers a reverse operation. "This river is a dry bed for 6 days and then unleashed on 7 th day, and this with great regularity, which is why it is called the river or Shabat Sambatyon .
For the traveler Eldad Ha Dani (9 th century) who went looking for them, the tribes of Naftali, Gad, Asher and Dan live in Africa East, a region rich and they are constantly at war with their neighbors. They are separated from their brothers, children of Moses, by a single river, the Sambatyon .
He describes it as follows: "Children of Moses are surrounded by a river rock that looks like a fortress, containing no water but sand and stones that roll with a large strength. This force is such that if she met a mountain of iron it would reduce the powder without difficulty. At sunset on Friday, a cloud around the river so that nobody can cross. At the end of Shabbat, the river resumed its normal course torrent. Its width is 100m, but in some places, it is only 60 m. At these places you can talk to the children of Moses, but that people can not cross! "


Sambatyon The separation would be an obstacle to the exiled tribes Israel returned from exile. Physical or mental barrier, or simply that of oblivion. It would still be a window of opportunity to return, that of messianic times.

The Talmud tells us about it one day the Roman Governor Turnus Rufus asked Rabbi Akiva: "Who can say that today is the Sabbath?" The latter replied: "The river Sambatyon proves" that stops flowing that day (Sanhedrin 65b). The tone is the same in the Midrash (Bereshit Rabba 73.6): "The Ten Tribes were not exiled to the same location as the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, the former were deported beyond the river Sambatyon "and crossing the river is rendered impossible by a jet of standing stones that is not turned away on Shabbat.